The above figure shows the objectives of refrigerators and heat pumps. Refrigeration basics 101 1 refrigeration basics 101 by eric nelson 2 basics. An introduction thermoelectric cooling uses the peltier effect to create a heat flux between the junctions of two different types of materials. Welcome to the manual for refrigeration servicing technicians.
The purpose of a refrigerator is the removal of heat, called the cooling load, from a lowtemperature medium. Refrigeration technology is commonly used in domestic and industrial applications. Refrigeration air conditioning systems are all in the category of flow processes, and hence only flow energy is considered with any datum level. Understanding the basic refrigeration cycle diagram also helps us to find subcooled, superheat and to troubleshoot refrigeration processes much easier. Khurmi a textbook of refrigeration and air conditioning is an aptly written textbooks for the students of mechanical engineering while also a mustread for anyone with an interest in the subject.
Before moving further on differences lets have an overview of both the vapour compression and vapour absorption refrigeration. There are several heat transfer loops in a refrigeration. Heat has its own laws, called the laws of thermodynamics. Ppt vapour compression cycle powerpoint presentation. Refrigeration fundamentals heatcraft worldwide refrigeration. If enough heat is removed from a glass of water, the water will freeze to ice. The most common refrigeration system in use today involves the input of work from a compressor and uses the vapor compression cycle.
Worlds best powerpoint templates crystalgraphics offers more powerpoint templates than anyone else in the world, with over 4 million to choose from. The danfoss product range for the refrigeration and air. The refrigeration system requires some means of connecting the basic major components evaporator, compressor, condenser, and metering device just as roads connect communities. Manual for refrigeration servicing introduction technicians. Seminarproject report on thermoacoustic refrigeration pdf ppt download abstract of thermoacoustic refrigeration thermo acoustic have been known for over years but the use of this phenomenon to develop engines and pumps is fairly recent.
This book has been written especially for use in programs where a full curriculum in refrigeration is offered. The goal behind the project was the development of alternative systems that are complementary to the actual refrigeration systems, such as the compressor system and carbon dioxide snow. A refrigeration system is a combination of components and equipment connected in a sequential order to produce the refrigeration effect. Pdf refrigeration and air conditioning books collection. Download as ppt, pdf, txt or read online from scribd. Bimetallic thermostats 146 thermostat construction and wiring 147 defrost controls 147. Mechanicalmechanical pe full examfull exam written in exam format. To read more about basic refrigeration theory, you might be interested in reading our free introduction to air conditioning and refrigeration online e book. At the bottom of the articles you can download pdf. Special university course for future engineers lecture notes. The following temperatures are typical of the standard refrigeration cycle for comfort cooling applications. In theory, the refrigerant leaves the evaporator as a vapor at point 1, however, in real applications. The following safety and common symbols may be used in this manual and on. The science behind refrigeration berg chilling systems inc.
Refrigeration cycle refrigeration is the transfer of heat from a lower temperature region to a higher temperature region refrigeration cycle is the vaporcompression refrigeration cycle, where the refrigerant is vaporized and condenses alternately and is compressed in the vapor phase. The first point to understand about refrigeration theory is that heat is energy, and it can be made to move. This is basically an intermittent system means continuous refrigeration effect we can not get. Refrigeration and air conditioning training course.
Liquids readily accessible pdf absorb heat when changed from liquid to gas. The cycle operates at two pressures high and low, to produces a continuous cooling effect. Combining, and noting that s 1s 4 and s 2 s 3 we have. This module will help the reader develop an understanding of refrigeration systems and will demonstrate how to analyze a refrigeration systems performance. Zubair latif comsats institute of information technology, lahore 2. However, proper selection and application of all equipment depends on a working knowledge of the mechanical refrigeration process. The suction line connects the evaporator or cooling coil to. Purpose of refrigeration examples and applications choice of coolant and refrigerants phase diagram of water and co 2 vapor compression refrigeration system pressureenthalpy diagram for refrigerants refrigerator, air conditioner, thermoelectric cooler, heat pump designation, choice, criteria for selection, and. The refrigeration training system provides the student with theoretical and. Introduction a major application area of thermodynamics is refrigeration, which is the transfer of heat from a lower temperature region to a higher temperature one. Refrigeration cycles the vapor compression refrigeration cycle is a common method for transferring heat from a low temperature to a high temperature. The pressures inside airconditioning and refrigeration sys.
Moreover, the new refrigerators offer an increased mobility due to their independency from the power grid. Principle of refrigeration the refrigeration cycle is also known as vapour compression cycle. Vapor compression refrigeration system basic, working. The different types of cooling compressors rotaryvane compressor a rotaryvane compressor is also known as a rotary piston compressor because the function of the vane is similar to that of a piston shown in figure 3. Refrigeration fundamentals 2175 west park place blvd. Refrigeration and air conditioning training course principles of refrigeration 32 hours, 32 nate cehs, 3. It is usually done by an artificial means of lowering the temperature, such as by the use of ice or mechanical refrigeration, which is a mechanical system or apparatus, designed and. Introduction of zeolite technology into refrigeration systems. Thermo acoustic refrigeration is one such phenomenon that uses high intensity sound waves in a pressurized gas tube to pump heat from. Vaporcompression refrigeration, in which the refrigerant undergoes phase changes, is one of the many refrigeration cycles and is the most widely used method for airconditioning of buildings and automobiles. Theyll give your presentations a professional, memorable appearance the kind of sophisticated look that todays audiences expect.
These books are used by students of top universities, institutes and colleges. Winner of the standing ovation award for best powerpoint templates from presentations magazine. Ppt refrigeration basics 101 powerpoint presentation. Refrigeration and air conditioning linkedin slideshare. Saturation curve this curve represents what state vapor or liquid and region subcooled, latent heat, and superheat the refrigerant is in. Today we will study the difference between vapour compression and vapour absorption refrigeration system in detail. Ammonia refrigeration technology single stage compression with evaporators configured as directexpansion flooded overfeed multistage compression systems cascade systems. The coefficient of performance cop for the refrigerator is then.
It is an ebook for people who are involved in training and. Refrigeration and air conditioning technology 7th edition pdf. Pdf textbook of refrigeration and air conditioning by r. Download textbook of refrigeration and air conditioning by r. Theory and applications by james k carson covers the basic thermodynamic and heat transfer considerations of the vapour compression cycle followed by the major applications of refrigeration in the areas of food preservation, human comfort and cryogenics. Hence in refrigeration systems we call the total heat as enthalpy which is the sum of sensible and latent heat. Mechanical refrigeration works by changing the the majority of heat is removed from the the majority of the works by removedchanging the absorbed heat is state of the refrigerant. It is also used in domestic and commercial refrigerators, largescale warehouses for chilled or frozen storage of foods and meats. Ideal refrigeration in steady state, the 1st law around the whole system gives. To be able to provide your customers with cooling solutions, you will need to have a firm grasp of the fundamental principles of basic refrigeration.
Air conditioning theory there are two laws that are significant to understand the basic refrigeration cycle and air conditioning. When refrigerant absorbs the unwanted heat, this raises the refrigerants temperature saturation. The heat absorbed is called the refrigeration affect. The refrigeration systems commonly used for air conditioning can be classified by the type of input energy and the refrigeration process as follows. The vapor compression refrigeration cycle is a common method for transferring heat from a low. This effect is commonly used in camping and portable coolers and for cooling electronic components and small instruments. Basic refrigeration cycle for watercooled chillers in this tdp, we will explain the refrigeration cycle using components from a centrifugal chiller since that type of chiller is watercooled. However, the cost, size, and complexity of refrigeration systems of the time, coupled with the toxicity of their ammonia coolants, prevented the general use of mechanical refrigerators in the. Tubing or lines make the system complete so that the refrigerant will not leak out into the atmosphere. Theory and applications international version by adel s. The content is in a format appropriate for students who are attending classes fulltime while preparing for their first job, for. Refrigeration and air conditioning is used to cool products or a building environment. Rev pages chapter 9 refrigerants, refrigeration cycles. However, the material covered and the method of presentation are such that the text is also suitable for adult evening classes and for onthejob training and selfinstruction.
It usually includes dra wings that more closely resemble the components themselves, rather than symbols. When 1 pound of ice melts, it absorbs 144 btu, as latent energy. Refrigeration and air conditioning technology 7th edition pdf by william c. The refrigeration or air conditioning system r transfers heat from a cooler lowenergy reservoir to a warmer highenergy reservoir. In the past, this was done by collecting ice in the winter and using its specific heat to cool as the ice melted. Freeze drying lyophilization 20140304 4 faculty of pharmacy. When that heat is allowed to move back into the ice, the ice will melt. Fundamentals of mechanical refrigeration systems course content introduction mechanical refrigeration is a thermodynamic process of removing heat from a lower temperature heat. Refrigeration is obtained by connecting two vessel left vessel containing pure refrigerant while right containing solution of refrigerant and absorbent. However, first lets understand air conditioning theory, the basic principle, types of heat, how heat transfers and i will show you how the basic refrigeration cycle diagram works. For 30 years, topics such as air refrigeration cycles and systems, vapour. Refrigeration is the removal of heat from a material or space, so that its temperature is lower than that of its surroundings.